Passive voice ve reported speech — Teacher guide

Three 15–20-minute sessions. Adapt the level and timing to the learner. Objectives: Eylemi yapanı, etkilenen şeyi ve bilgiyi kimin söylediğini açık tut.

Teaching sequence

  1. Use the prerequisite activity to check the foundation.
  2. Compare meaning before naming the forms. Ask the learner to justify each contrast.
  3. Allow an independent choice attempt and require an explanation after feedback.
  4. Use controlled production without copying the model. Accept valid alternatives that preserve the constraint.
  5. Complete the open task and review accuracy, meaning and purpose separately.
  6. At the next lesson, use a fresh example and the scheduled review queue. No CEFR certification is implied.

Active / passive

Maya printed the notes. The notes were printed by Maya.

Passive: uygun be biçimi + past participle. Nesne yeni özne olur; zaman ve sayı uyumunu koru.

Modal / perfect passive

The room must be cleaned. The notes have been printed.

Modal + be + participle; have/has + been + participle. Her cümleye by eklemek gerekmez.

Reporting

Maya said she was ready. Maya told Alex she was ready.

Tell genellikle kişi nesnesi alır; say doğrudan kişi nesnesi almaz. Backshift yaygındır; hâlâ geçerli bilgi bazı bağlamlarda present kalabilir. Kaynak belirtmek iddiayı kanıtlamaz.

Eylemi yapan mı, etkilenen mi?

Maya printed the notes yesterday. Staff clean the library every evening.

  1. Choose the past passive.
    • The notes were printed yesterday.
    • The notes was printed yesterday.
    • The notes were print yesterday.
  2. Choose the present passive.
    • The library is cleaned every evening.
    • The library cleaned every evening by itself staff.
    • The library are clean every evening.
  3. Which active sentence preserves the agent?
    • Maya printed the notes.
    • The notes printed Maya.
    • Maya was printed by the notes.
  4. When is leaving out the agent useful?
    • When the action matters and the agent is unknown or unnecessary.
    • Whenever you want to make an unsupported claim seem proved.
    • Only when the agent is plural.
  5. Complete: The notes ___ printed yesterday.
  6. Complete with clean: The room is ___ every evening.
  7. Make passive: Maya printed the notes.
  8. Correct: The room were cleaned yesterday.

Independent transfer

Write a four-sentence fictional library update: two active and two passive sentences. Keep each agent where it matters and explain one deliberate omission.

Yapılmalı, yapıldı, yapılmış durumda

The handouts are now ready. The organiser requires the main room to be cleaned before the next meeting.

  1. Choose a passive obligation.
    • The room must be cleaned.
    • The room must cleaned.
    • The room must been clean.
  2. Choose present perfect passive for completed handouts.
    • The handouts have been printed.
    • The handouts has been printed.
    • The handouts have printed by themselves.
  3. Choose a future passive.
    • The notice will be posted tomorrow.
    • The notice will posted tomorrow.
    • The notice will being post tomorrow.
  4. Choose the negative modal passive.
    • The door must not be blocked.
    • The door must not blocked.
    • The door not must been blocked.
  5. Complete: The room must ___ cleaned.
  6. Complete: The handouts have ___ printed.
  7. Make passive: Staff will post the notice tomorrow.
  8. Correct: The room has be cleaned.

Independent transfer

Write a readiness checklist containing something already completed, something required and something planned. Use three passive structures and identify who should act if that information is needed.

Kim söyledi, ne söyledi?

Maya said yesterday, “I am ready.” Alex later reported her message. No one has independently checked the room.

  1. Use backshift to report Maya’s words.
    • Maya said that she was ready.
    • Maya said that I am ready Alex.
    • Maya told that she ready.
  2. Choose correct tell usage.
    • Maya told Alex that she was ready.
    • Maya told that she was ready.
    • Maya said Alex that she was ready.
  3. Which sentence attributes rather than independently verifies?
    • According to Maya, the room is ready.
    • The room is certainly ready because someone said so.
    • Every room is ready.
  4. Report a question with statement order.
    • Alex asked where the notes were.
    • Alex asked where were the notes.
    • Alex asked where did the notes were.
  5. Complete with say in the past: Maya ___ that she was ready.
  6. Complete with tell in the past: Maya ___ Alex that she was ready.
  7. Report with backshift: Maya said, “I am ready.”
  8. Correct: Alex asked where were the notes.

Independent transfer

Write an 100–140-word fictional update separating an observed event, a reported statement and an unverified claim. Use both said and told correctly. State what still needs checking.

Answer guidance — separate from student worksheets

Eylemi yapan mı, etkilenen mi?

  1. The notes were printed yesterday. — Notes çoğul: were + printed.
  2. The library is cleaned every evening. — Is + cleaned düzenli passive.
  3. Maya printed the notes. — Eylemi yapan Maya, nesne notes.
  4. When the action matters and the agent is unknown or unnecessary. — Agent seçimi iletişim amacıyla ilgilidir.
  5. were — Çoğul geçmiş passive were.
  6. cleaned — Be + participle cleaned.
  7. The notes were printed by Maya. — Nesne notes yeni özne, agent by Maya.
  8. The room was cleaned yesterday. — Tekil room ile was.

One possible open response: Maya printed the notes. The notes were printed yesterday. Staff clean the room each evening. The room is cleaned before visitors arrive.

Yapılmalı, yapıldı, yapılmış durumda

  1. The room must be cleaned. — Must + be + cleaned.
  2. The handouts have been printed. — Plural have + been + printed.
  3. The notice will be posted tomorrow. — Will + be + posted.
  4. The door must not be blocked. — Must not + be + blocked.
  5. be — Modal passive be.
  6. been — Perfect passive have been.
  7. The notice will be posted by staff tomorrow. / The notice will be posted tomorrow by staff. / The notice will be posted tomorrow. — Will be posted; agent optional where not essential.
  8. The room has been cleaned. — Has been + cleaned.

One possible open response: The handouts have been printed. The room must be cleaned by the evening team. The notice will be posted tomorrow.

Kim söyledi, ne söyledi?

  1. Maya said that she was ready. — Am → was ve I → she, verilen raporlama bakışında.
  2. Maya told Alex that she was ready. — Tell + kişi; say + clause.
  3. According to Maya, the room is ready. — According to kaynağı verir; doğrulama değildir.
  4. Alex asked where the notes were. — Reported question içinde özne + fiil.
  5. said — Say → said.
  6. told — Tell → told, kişi nesnesi var.
  7. Maya said that she was ready. / Maya said she was ready. — That isteğe bağlı; bu görevde backshift isteniyor.
  8. Alex asked where the notes were. — İç soruda düz sıra.

One possible open response: The handouts were delivered at six. Maya said she was ready and told Alex that the room was open. According to her, all equipment works. We should still test the projector before the meeting.

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