İngilizce zaman karşılaştırmaları — Teacher guide

Three 15–20-minute sessions. Adapt the level and timing to the learner. Objectives: Rutin, devam eden olay, bitmiş geçmiş ve şimdiyle bağlantı arasında anlamına göre seçim yap.

Teaching sequence

  1. Use the prerequisite activity to check the foundation.
  2. Compare meaning before naming the forms. Ask the learner to justify each contrast.
  3. Allow an independent choice attempt and require an explanation after feedback.
  4. Use controlled production without copying the model. Accept valid alternatives that preserve the constraint.
  5. Complete the open task and review accuracy, meaning and purpose separately.
  6. At the next lesson, use a fresh example and the scheduled review queue. No CEFR certification is implied.

Present simple / continuous

Defne usually reads at home. Today she is reading at the library.

Rutin ile şu andaki/geçici olayı ayır. Always gibi sözcükler tek başına mekanik bir zaman anahtarı değildir; bağlamı oku.

Past simple / present perfect

She joined on Monday. She has been in the group since Monday.

Bitmiş katılma olayı ile hâlâ süren üyelik farklıdır. For süre, since başlangıç noktasıdır.

Past simple / past perfect

The session had started when Alex arrived.

Geçmişteki bir referans noktasından daha önce gerçekleşen olayı had + past participle ile öne çıkar. Her geçmiş olaya past perfect verme.

Rutin mi, geçici durum mu?

Defne normally reads at home. This week, she is preparing a group presentation at the library.

  1. Choose the regular habit.
    • Defne reads at home most evenings.
    • Defne is read at home most evenings.
    • Defne reading at home most evenings.
  2. Choose the temporary activity happening this week.
    • She is preparing a presentation this week.
    • She prepare a presentation this week.
    • She preparing a presentation this week.
  3. Which sentence describes knowledge, not an action in progress?
    • She knows the topic well.
    • She is knowing the topic well.
    • She know the topic well.
  4. Choose the correctly formed question about now.
    • Are they working together now?
    • Do they working together now?
    • Are they work together now?
  5. Complete with read: She usually ___ at home.
  6. Complete with prepare: She is ___ a talk today.
  7. Rewrite as a present continuous question: They are working together.
  8. Correct the verb: Maya is know the answer.

Independent transfer

Write four sentences contrasting a fictional adult’s usual week with a temporary change this week. Include one question and explain why two verbs have different forms.

Past simple mı, present perfect mi?

The fictional reading group began in May. Defne joined last week and is still a member.

  1. Keep the finished time: Defne ___ last week.
    • joined
    • has joined
    • has been join
  2. Describe continuing membership: She ___ a member since last week.
    • has been
    • was being
    • have been
  3. Choose a duration phrase.
    • for two months
    • since two months
    • for May
  4. Ask about a finished event.
    • When did the group begin?
    • When has the group begun last May?
    • When did the group began?
  5. Complete with join: Defne ___ the group last week.
  6. Complete: She has been a member ___ last week.
  7. Complete: The group has met weekly ___ two months.
  8. Correct the tense: The group has started in May 2020.

Independent transfer

Invent a project history: one finished starting event, one continuing state with since, one duration with for, and one question about a finished milestone. Make dates consistent.

Geçmişteki olayları sırala

Alex arrived at 7 p.m. The workshop had begun at 6:45. Defne was checking the attendance list when he entered.

  1. Which event happened before Alex arrived?
    • The workshop had begun.
    • Alex had arrived after 7:15.
    • The workshop would begin tomorrow.
  2. Choose the background action interrupted by his arrival.
    • Defne was checking the list when he entered.
    • Defne checks the list when he entered.
    • Defne has checking the list when he entered.
  3. Choose the correct past perfect negative.
    • He had not read the update.
    • He had not reads the update.
    • He did not had read the update.
  4. Which sentence clearly places the printing before the arrival?
    • Maya had printed the handouts before Alex arrived.
    • Maya prints the handouts before Alex arrived.
    • Maya has print the handouts before Alex arrived.
  5. Complete with begin: The workshop had ___ before he arrived.
  6. Complete with check: Defne was ___ the list when he entered.
  7. Use past perfect: Maya printed the notes before Alex arrived.
  8. Correct: He had wrote the wrong time.

Independent transfer

Write a 90–120-word account of a fictional missed workshop. Establish one past reference point, one earlier completed event and one background activity. Draw a three-event timeline, then check whether your verb forms match it.

Answer guidance — separate from student worksheets

Rutin mi, geçici durum mu?

  1. Defne reads at home most evenings. — Present simple rutin; olumlu she ile reads.
  2. She is preparing a presentation this week. — Is + preparing geçici devam eden çalışma.
  3. She knows the topic well. — Know bu anlamda durum bildirir.
  4. Are they working together now? — Are + subject + -ing.
  5. reads — She ile present simple reads.
  6. preparing — Is + -ing; prepare → preparing.
  7. Are they working together? — Are özneden önce gelir.
  8. Maya knows the answer. — Know için present simple.

One possible open response: Defne usually reads at home. This week she is preparing a talk at the library. Maya knows the topic well. Are they working together today?

Past simple mı, present perfect mi?

  1. joined — Last week bitmiş zaman: joined.
  2. has been — Since başlangıç; she has been devam eden durum.
  3. for two months — For süreyi, since başlangıcı gösterir.
  4. When did the group begin? — Did + begin; finished when sorusu.
  5. joined — Bitmiş zaman ile past simple.
  6. since — Başlangıç noktası since.
  7. for — Two months bir süre.
  8. The group started in May 2020. — Belirli bitmiş geçmiş yıl ile started.

One possible open response: The project started in May 2020. It has been active since then. The new team has worked together for two months. When did the first meeting take place?

Geçmişteki olayları sırala

  1. The workshop had begun. — Verilen başlangıç 6:45; geliş 7:00.
  2. Defne was checking the list when he entered. — Was checking arka plan, entered tamamlanmış olay.
  3. He had not read the update. — Had not + past participle read.
  4. Maya had printed the handouts before Alex arrived. — Had printed önceki geçmiş olayı gösterir.
  5. begun — Begin → began → begun.
  6. checking — Past continuous: was checking.
  7. Maya had printed the notes before Alex arrived. — Had printed önceki tamamlanmış olay.
  8. He had written the wrong time. — Write past participle written.

One possible open response: Alex arrived at seven. The workshop had already begun. Defne was checking the list when he entered. He had written the wrong time in his notebook, so he asked for a short update.

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