Gerund ve infinitive: doing, to do, do — Teacher guide

Three 15–20-minute sessions. Adapt the level and timing to the learner. Objectives: Fiilden sonraki yapıyı seç; biçim değişince anlamın ne zaman değiştiğini fark et.

Teaching sequence

  1. Use the prerequisite activity to check the foundation.
  2. Compare meaning before naming the forms. Ask the learner to justify each contrast.
  3. Allow an independent choice attempt and require an explanation after feedback.
  4. Use controlled production without copying the model. Accept valid alternatives that preserve the constraint.
  5. Complete the open task and review accuracy, meaning and purpose separately.
  6. At the next lesson, use a fresh example and the scheduled review queue. No CEFR certification is implied.

Verb + -ing / to

Maya enjoys reading. Alex decided to join.

Enjoy + -ing; decide + to-infinitive. Bütün fiilleri tek kurala bağlama; kalıbı fiille birlikte öğren.

Object / bare infinitive

She asked Alex to wait. They made him wait.

Ask + object + to; make/let active yapıda object + yalın fiil. Modal yardımcılarından sonra yalın fiil.

Meaning changes

He stopped talking. He stopped to take a call.

Stop doing etkinliği bırakmak; stop to do başka bir işi yapmak için ara vermek. Remember doing geçmiş anıyı, remember to do yapılacak işi hatırlamayı anlatabilir.

Enjoy doing, decide to do

Maya enjoys reading with the group. Alex has decided to join and hopes to attend on Friday.

  1. Choose the enjoy pattern.
    • Maya enjoys reading.
    • Maya enjoys to read.
    • Maya enjoys read.
  2. Choose the decide pattern.
    • Alex decided to join.
    • Alex decided joining.
    • Alex decided join.
  3. Choose the avoid pattern.
    • They avoid arriving late.
    • They avoid to arrive late.
    • They avoid arrive late.
  4. Choose the hope pattern.
    • He hopes to attend.
    • He hopes attending.
    • He hopes attend.
  5. Complete with read: Maya enjoys ___.
  6. Complete with join: Alex decided ___ the group.
  7. Correct: They avoid to arrive late.
  8. Correct: He hopes attending on Friday.

Independent transfer

Write a fictional learner’s plan using enjoy, avoid, decide and hope. Use a different meaningful complement after each. Explain two patterns without translating word for word.

Ask someone to, make someone do

Defne asks Alex to check the list. The organiser lets learners choose seats, but the safety procedure makes everyone wait outside first.

  1. Choose the ask pattern.
    • Defne asked Alex to check the list.
    • Defne asked Alex check the list.
    • Defne asked to Alex checking the list.
  2. Choose the active let pattern.
    • They let learners choose seats.
    • They let learners to choose seats.
    • They let learners choosing seats.
  3. Choose the active make pattern.
    • The rule made everyone wait.
    • The rule made everyone to wait.
    • The rule made everyone waiting.
  4. Choose a modal pattern.
    • Alex can check the list.
    • Alex can to check the list.
    • Alex can checking the list.
  5. Complete: Defne asked Alex ___ check the list.
  6. Complete with choose: They let learners ___ seats.
  7. Correct: The rule made everyone to wait.
  8. Rewrite using asked: Defne said to Alex, “Please check the list.”

Independent transfer

Write instructions for a fictional group using ask, let, make and can. Explain who performs each action. Keep permission and obligation distinct.

Stop ve remember: biçim değişince anlam

During preparation Alex stopped writing to answer a call. Later, he remembered locking the cabinet but forgot to send the schedule.

  1. Which means Alex became silent?
    • Alex stopped talking.
    • Alex stopped to talk.
    • Alex stopped for talking him.
  2. Which means he paused another activity in order to call?
    • He stopped to make a call.
    • He stopped making calls, meaning he paused to make one.
    • He stopped make a call.
  3. Which refers to a memory of an earlier action?
    • He remembered locking the cabinet.
    • He remembered to lock the cabinet, meaning he recalled an earlier image only.
    • He remembered lock the cabinet.
  4. Which reminds someone to perform a task?
    • Remember to send the schedule.
    • Remember sending the schedule, as a reminder to do it later.
    • Remember send the schedule.
  5. Use stop + -ing: Alex became silent. Alex stopped ___.
  6. Use to-infinitive: Remember ___ the schedule. (send)
  7. Use -ing for a past memory: He remembered ___ the cabinet. (lock)
  8. Correct for becoming silent: Alex stopped to talk.

Independent transfer

Write two short fictional scenes contrasting stop doing/stop to do and remember doing/remember to do. Explain the sequence of actions. Avoid assuming that both forms always mean the same thing.

Answer guidance — separate from student worksheets

Enjoy doing, decide to do

  1. Maya enjoys reading. — Enjoy + -ing.
  2. Alex decided to join. — Decide + to-infinitive.
  3. They avoid arriving late. — Avoid + -ing.
  4. He hopes to attend. — Hope + to-infinitive.
  5. reading — Enjoy + -ing.
  6. to join — Decide + to.
  7. They avoid arriving late. — Avoid + arriving.
  8. He hopes to attend on Friday. — Hope + to attend.

One possible open response: Maya enjoys reading with others. She avoids arriving late. Alex decided to join and hopes to attend on Friday.

Ask someone to, make someone do

  1. Defne asked Alex to check the list. — Ask + person + to-infinitive.
  2. They let learners choose seats. — Let + object + bare infinitive.
  3. The rule made everyone wait. — Make active: object + base form.
  4. Alex can check the list. — Can + base form.
  5. to — Ask object to do.
  6. choose — Let object + bare infinitive.
  7. The rule made everyone wait. — Active make object + wait.
  8. Defne asked Alex to check the list. — Ask + Alex + to check.

One possible open response: Defne asked Alex to check the list. Staff let learners choose seats. The safety rule made everyone wait outside. Alex can help with the chairs.

Stop ve remember: biçim değişince anlam

  1. Alex stopped talking. — Stop talking: konuşmayı bırakmak.
  2. He stopped to make a call. — Stop to do: başka işi yapabilmek için ara vermek.
  3. He remembered locking the cabinet. — Remember doing geçmiş deneyimin anısı.
  4. Remember to send the schedule. — Remember to do yerine getirilecek iş.
  5. talking — Konuşmayı bırakma.
  6. to send — Yapılacak işi hatırlamak.
  7. locking — Geçmiş eylemin anısı.
  8. Alex stopped talking. — Verilen anlam -ing gerektirir.

One possible open response: Alex stopped writing to answer a call. After the call, he remembered locking the cabinet earlier. He reminded himself to send the schedule before leaving.

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